The abdominal wall, and performs the surgery while visualizing it on a video screen. Laparoscopic surgery is used for many surgeries. It has the advantages of less pain, less cutting of skin and tissue, fewer wound complications, quicker post-operative recovery, and shorter duration of hospital stay. The surgeons can perform laparoscopic procedures in many illnesses today, some of them being

• Abdominal surgeries to treat appendicitis, Crohn’s disease, Duodenal Perforation, Ulcerative Colitis, Diverticulitis, Cancer, Rectal Prolapsed, and Chronic Constipation.
• Gallbladder procedures.
• Gynaecologic surgeries such as hysterectomies.
• Hernia surgeries.

Benefits of Laparoscopic surgery :

There are several advantages of laparoscopic surgery in comparison to the previous old fashioned surgeries methods.

• Very small scars.
• Stay for fewer days in the hospital (in traditional methods, the recovery time of a patient was 4 to 8 weeks and hospital stay was of 1 or more than a week, but in laparoscopic surgery, recovery time is 2 to 3 weeks and hospital stay is of only 2 nights).
• Less tissue cutting.
• Less pain while scar heals – lesser use of pain medications.
• Get back to normal life sooner.
• Quick healing as the scar is small.
• As exposure of internal organs gets reduced for external contaminants, hence the risk of infections reduced.

Risks of Laparoscopic surgery :

Some of the risks are as follows :

• The most severe risk is Trocar injuries, which occur during insertion into the abdominal cavity. This type of injury includes abdominal wall hematoma, umbilical hernia, umbilical wound infections, etc.
• People having low BMI or history of prior abdominal surgeries is more prone to such injuries. These injuries are life-threatening.
• Sometimes, few surgeons work with electrodes that leak current into the surrounding tissues and give electrical burn that leads to peritonitis.
• Due to increased exposure to cold, dry gases during insufflation, there is a risk of hypothermia and peritoneal trauma. Surgical humidification therapy is being used to reduce insufflations with the use of heated and humidified Carbon Dioxide (CO2).
• Many patients with pulmonary disorders cannot tolerate gas in the abdominal cavity (pneumoperitoneum), due to which surgeons have to change the mode of surgery means initially, they were starting from a laparoscopy and later on shift to open surgery.
• Coagulation disorder and dense adhesions of previous abdominal surgery may add risk to laparoscopic surgery.

Diagnostic Laparoscopy :

In many situations nowadays, Laparoscopy has become part of the Diagnostic workup for a definitive diagnosis of the problem. Some of the examples are :

• Pain abdomen in which all other modalities of investigations have failed to do a definitive diagnosis.
• Trauma patients in which the source of bleeding could not be identified.
• Problems related to intestines sometimes needs a diagnostic laparoscopy to find out the exact cause.
• In many Intra-abdominal malignancies, it is used for proper staging of the disease.

Lap Appendectomy

In most of the Best Laparoscopic Appendectomy procedures, the surgeon operates by making 3 small incisions of ½ inches or smaller and inserting Laparoscope, light source and operative instruments through them. The Laparoscope fitted with high resolution medical grade camera, provides enlarged image of internal organs on the monitor. After the surgery, a drain may be placed which is removed later. That’s why it is called as keyhole surgery. Laparoscopic Surgery is performed for the operations of the abdomen with 6 to 12-inch-long cuts. That’s why it’s sometimes called keyhole surgery.